Dissociative Disorders - 1688 Words

Dissociative Disorders What are dissociative disorders? A dissociative disorder is the breakdown of ones perception of his/her surroundings, memory, identity, or consciousness. There are four main kinds of dissociative disorders: 1. Dissociative amnesia 2. Dissociative fugue 3. Dissociative identity disorder (previously called multiple personality disorder) 4. Depersonalization disorder What are the main characteristics of each dissociative disorder? Dissociative amnesia: A dissociative amnesia may be present when a person is unable to remember important personal information, which is usually associated with a traumatic event in his/her life. The loss of memory creates gaps in this individuals personal history.†¦show more content†¦If the episode is associated with a traumatic event, the amnesia may clear when the individual is removed from the traumatic situation. Dissociative fugue: Once dissociative fugue is discovered and treated, many people recover quickly. The problem may never occur again. Dissociative identity disorder: The course of dissociative identity disorder tends to recur over several years. It may become less of a problem, however, after mid-life. Depersonalization disorder: An episode of depersonalization disorder can be as brief as a few seconds or continue for several years. What can people do if they need help? If you, a friend, or a family member would like more information and you have a therapist or a physician, please discuss your concerns with that person Signs and symptoms There are four major dissociative disorders:  § Dissociative amnesia  § Dissociative identity disorder  § Dissociative fugue  § Depersonalization disorder Symptoms common to all types of dissociative disorders include:  § Memory loss (amnesia) of certain time periods, events and people  § Mental health problems, including depression and anxiety  § A sense of being detached from yourself (depersonalization)  § A perception of the people and things around you as distorted and unreal (derealization)  § A blurred sense of identity Each of the four major dissociative disorders is characterized by a distinct mode of dissociation. Signs and symptomsShow MoreRelatedDissociative Identity Disorder2296 Words   |  9 Pagesdefines dissociative identity disorder (DID) as the occurrence of a minimum of two different personalities and maybe more than two. It also clarifies that the switching between the distinct personalities can be observed by the individual who is suffering from dissociative identity disorder or witnessed by others. (Barlow, 2014, P. 1). This disorder used to be known as multiple personality disorder, which is more recognized and understood to people without a psychology background. This disorder can beRead MoreDissociative Identity Disorder1221 Words   |  5 PagesThis research paper is about Dissociative identity disorder (DID) as known as multiple personality disorder. DID in which a person could have many different parts to their personality due to severe stress and an experience of a trauma. A person with DID when the have control over their one identity they cannot remember what they did when their other identities were in control. Most of the time people with DID have two personalities but they could have more than two which is referred as alters. ThenRead MoreDissociative Identity Disorder1900 Words   |  8 PagesAcademic Assignment: Dissociative Identity Disorder and its representation in the media This essay will look at Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) and its portrayal in the media. DID was formally known as Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD).This essay will cover the symptoms of DID, the criteria used for diagnosis, causes and triggers of disorder, how the disorder is portrayed in the media and the reality of the disorder for sufferers. According to the (American Psychiatric Association DiagnosticRead MoreDissociative Identity Disorder ( Dissociative Disorder )1040 Words   |  5 PagesDissociative Identity Disorder Dissociative identity disorder, formerly known as Multiple Personality Disorder, is a mental illness that is greatly misunderstood, much like many other mental illnesses. Nicholas Spanos, Professor of Psychology, hypothesized Multiple Personality Disorder as a defense against childhood trauma that creates â€Å"dissociation† or a split mental state. The trauma sustained during childhood is so substantial, that the individual creates different identities to cope with itRead MoreDissociative Identity Disorder ( Dissociative Disorder )1194 Words   |  5 PagesDissociative Identity Disorder is a disorder distinguished by the existence of two or more distinct personality states. It is also known as DID or Multiple Personality Disorder. It is very rare, with only 20,000 to 200,000 known US cases per year. Currently, there is no known cure, but treatment can sometimes help. Many believe that DID can be caused by a significant trauma and is used as a coping mechanism to help avoid bad memories. The disorders most often form in kids victim to long-term physicalRead MoreDissociative Identity Disorder : Dissociative Identification Disorder1485 Words   |  6 PagesDissociative Identity Disorder Dissociative Identity Disorder is a mental disorder where an individual experiences two or more distinct personalities. When an individual is diagnosed with Dissociative Identity Disorder, one personality has dominant control of an individual. This personality controls how a person may act and how they live everyday life. A person diagnosed with this disease may or may not be aware of their alternate personalities. Each personality is contrasting of each other withRead MoreDissociative Identity Disorder ( Mpd )2805 Words   |  12 PagesRunning Head: DISOCIATIVE IDENTITY DISORDER 1 Abstract â€Å"Dissociative identity disorder (DID), which was formerly known as multiple personality disorder (MPD), is a disorder in which an individual has the presence of two or more identities or personality states† (Pais 2009, pg.1). Throughout this paper the reader will be provided with information regarding Dissociative Identity Disorder; a disorder that is truly as unique, and complicatedRead MoreEssay Dissociative Identity Disorder4445 Words   |  18 PagesDissociative Identity Disorder Dissociative Identity Disorder, or DID, is defined as: â€Å"The result of a marvelously creative defense mechanism that a young child uses to cope with extremely overwhelming trauma† (Hawkins, 2003, p. 3). Ross describes DID in this way: â€Å"In its childhood onset forms, the disorder is an effective strategy for coping with a traumatic environment: It becomes dysfunctional because environmental circumstances have changed by adulthood† (1997, p, 62). What types of traumaticRead MoreDissociative Disorders And The Most Controversial Disorders1055 Words   |  5 PagesMai Nguyen PSYC 1 Dec. 11, 2015 Dissociative Disorders Dissociative disorders are one of the most controversial disorders that exist. It is often argued that the disorder does not actually exist and that people are over-diagnosed. Dissociative disorders is a type of psychological disorder that involve a sudden loss of memory of change in identity due to the dissociation (separation) of the individual’s conscious awareness from previous memories and thoughts. A common example of a dissociation isRead MoreDissociative Identity Disorder ( Mpd )1813 Words   |  8 PagesDissociate Identity Disorder Marjorie Morales Troy University Dissociative identity disorder (DID), also known as multiple personality disorder (MPD), is still known today as one of the most controversial psychiatric diagnoses (Priya Siva, 2013). It indicates the existence of two or more identities or different personalities that repeatedly assumes control over the behavior of the person affected. In the majority of cases, dissociative identity disorder appears along with other

Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen in the...

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen is an important document of the French Revolution. The National Assembly passed it on August 6, 1789. The Declaration presents the idea of inalienable rights of humans regardless of social status or privilege. It, along with support of the majority of France, was instrumental in putting an end to the Ancien Regime. The Ancien Regime was the old order matriarchal way, and the people of France were tired of the control this absolute monarchy had over them. The French Revolution was a turning point in European history that would forever change the government of France. Not only were the citizens unhappy with their current government, but the majority were suffering from the economic crisis as the result of war. Forty years of wars in which France was involved had taken its toll on the economy. In addition to the drain on finances by war, the extravagant lifestyles of the aristocracy also drained France’s treasury. Though econo my was definitely a cause of the French Revolution, it was not the only cause. Like the American Revolution that occurred a decade earlier, there were many reasons for the revolt but the main goal being equality for all. One catalyst of the French Revolution was the Ancien Regime’s social structure. For centuries, the people of France were divided into three distinct groups, also known as Estates or Orders. The First Estate consisted of the Clergy of the French Catholic Church. The church was quiteShow MoreRelatedFrench and Haitian Revolution Comparisons1531 Words   |  7 Pagesstarted a Revolution across the Atlantic Throughout history, there have been dozens of times when people were extremely upset with the government that was ruling over them. However, these angry citizens only revolt a fraction of the time, due to fear of the government. Two examples of when people stood up for their rights and revolted are the French Revolution and the Haitian Revolution. These revolts are loosely connected, as many say that the Haitian Revolution was inspired by the French RevolutionRead MoreThe Declaration Of The Rights Of Man And Citizen1529 Words   |  7 PagesFrance’s, The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, played an integral role in the development of democracy and the pursuit of liberty throughout Europe. This document was written and introduced by General Lafayette as a result of the French Revolution. The French Constituent Assembly passed it in August of 1789. Influenced by Thomas Jefferson, the American Declaration of Independence, the American Revolution, and the ideas of the Enlightenment philosophers, the document reiterates the valuesRead MoreBill of Rights Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen Essay1289 Words   |  6 Pages The Bill of Rights and Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen are based on the same principles of natural rights; therefore each document is similar in protecting the peoples natural rights. However, despite their similarities, their differences are apparent due to the social situations in which they were adopted. The Bill of Rights stood to protect the freedoms of each individual by establishing a democratic government. The French Revolution eliminated the hierarchy of class and establishedRead MoreFrench Revolution611 Words   |  3 PagesInfluenced Events in the French Revolution DeAnna Andrew HIS/114 April 1, 2014 Julie Thomas Influenced Events in the French Revolution What is a revolution? According to Merriam-Webster (2014), revolution is a fundamental change in political organization; especially: the overthrow or renunciation of one government or ruler and the substitution of another by the governed. Various social, political, and economic conditions led to the revolution. These conditions included dissatisfaction amongRead MoreThe American Revolution Set up Equality and Power for America621 Words   |  3 PagesChristopher Hitchens claims that â€Å"†¦ the American Revolution is the only revolution that still resonates†and this claim is valid because the American Revolution led to democratic ideals and governments being spread across the world, it set the precedent of equality in our country, and it set it up to be the world power it is today. America’s Revolution gave birth to real applications of Enlightenment ideals, and in doing so spurred movements of independence and democracy around the world duringRead MoreThe Declaration Of Rights Of Women And A Public Speech By Frederick Douglass933 Words   |  4 PagesThe French Revolution produced many changes both in France and in Europe as a whole. The most evident change brought by the French Revolution was the move from absolutism to republicanism that represents a shift towards democracy. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, which was announced in 1789, was arguably the foundations of the human rights and many constitutions in democratic countries like the Britain and America. The concept is based on the â€Å"natural rights† that were establishedRead MoreWomen And Women During The French Revolution1413 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the French Revolution, namely 1789, men and women were both dealing with change in government, society, and many different aspects of life. Two documents that represent the rights of men and women are Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen and The Vindication of the Rights of Woman. These two documents are similar in content because they describe how men and women should be treated as equals in society. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen came first, and sparkedRead MoreThe Enlightenment Principles Of Rationalism And Universal Rights1684 Words   |  7 Pagesthis era, inspiring populations locally and abroad. This revolution of ideas led to political and societal upheaval throughout the Western world. This essay will argue that the Enlightenment principles of rationalism and universal rights shaped modern Europe and North America through the rejection of absolutist government and the movement towards an equal society. The effect of these Enlightenment ideas is evident throughout the ‘Declaration of Independence’, written by Thomas Jefferson and th e CongressionalRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Declaration Of The Rights Of Man1361 Words   |  6 PagesThe French Revolution began with King Louis XVI, and his wife, and ended with Napoleon Bonaparte. In between these two powerful peoples reign, The Declaration of the Rights of Man was created, which was an outline of man’s natural rights. The document enforced that the wealthy pay taxes and that more jobs become available. This outline, one of the most important underlying documents of equality within the French Revolution, began to appear all over Europe. The articles within the declaration wereRead MoreThe Declaration Of The Rights Of Man And Citizen954 Words   |  4 PagesThe Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen was the product of an oppressed people who were tired of living under a government in which they had no voice. During the Ancià ©n Regime in France, there social classes, called estates, greatly divided the people on the basis of power and wea lth. The first estate being the clergy, the second nobility, and the third estate being everyone else in the country of France (â€Å"The French Revolution† 23:20). The first two estates made up 3% of the population

Psychologist Job free essay sample

A job analysis is used to assess and describe jobs and the characteristics that would be most suited for that job; these are usually conducted by an industrial/organizational psychologist. To gather this information either a job-oriented, a person-oriented approach, or a combination of both is utilized. The job-oriented approach is used to describe the tasks that are necessary to complete a particular job. In contrast, the person-oriented approach gathers information about the characteristics someone would need to possess to effectively do the job in question; this includes gathering information about the knowledge, abilities, skills, and other personal characteristics (e. g. being organized) an individual would need to be most effective in the job being analyzed. This paper will analyze the job of a school psychologist using the task inventory job analysis method. The information gathered from a job analysis can be used for numerous purposes, but for the purpose of this paper only selection and vocational counseling will be discussed. It will then go on to discuss objective and subjective measures used to appraise an individual’s performance in being a school psychologist. It will finally discuss the pros and cons of these appraisal methods. Gathering Information for a Job Analysis Information for a job analysis can be gathered in numerous ways by various people. Information can be gathered by a job analysts, a supervisor, the person who holds the position be analyzed, or by trained observers (Spector, 2008). The various methods used to collect this information from one of the four people previously mentioned include preforming the job, observing the employees at work, interviewing the supervisor or the person that holds the job, or administering a questionnaire; these methods can also be combined so that the limitations of one method can be countered by the strengths of another (Spector, 2008). Performing the job can give a job analyst insight to the tasks that are required to do a job, but can be time consuming and expensive; therefore, it is rarely used. Job analysts or trained observers can observe employees at work to gather information about the job by completing forms that lists various activities. The observer must record how often the employee completes each activity. This, however, can also be time consuming and expensive (Spector, 2008). Interviewing supervisors and the people who hold the job are the most popular way to collect information for a job analysis, which gives the person doing the job analysis a list of the tasks involved in the job being analyzed. The most effective way to collect the information for a job analysis is to administer a questionnaire. This is the most effective way because â€Å"it can contain hundreds of questions about the job and can be administered easily to thousands of employees† (Spector, 2008, p. 63). Task Inventory Method As previously discussed, the methods used to conduct a job analysis use one or more of the sources and ways of collecting the information needed for the job analysis. The task inventory job analysis method uses a questionnaire that lists specific tasks that may be completed for the job being analyzed and at least one rating scale for each task listed on the questionnaire (Spector, 2008). This questionnaire is given to the person that holds the job; usually to numerous people who hold the same job. This is done because some people that have the same job title spend different amounts of time on certain tasks and a task inventory can help provide an average of the importance or time spent completing various tasks (Spector, 2008). Results of a Job Analysis for a School Psychologist School psychologists deal with â€Å"principles of clinical psychology and educational psychology† that are â€Å"used for analyzing children’s behavioral and learning problems and carrying out an appropriate treatment† (Psychoid, 2010, para. ). This is done by putting together and interpreting student’s test scores and gathering information from parents and teachers. School psychologists are also responsible for selecting, giving, scoring, and interpreting psychological tests to students and preparing reports of the results for teachers, parents, and administrators of the school (O*Net, 2010). They offer counseling to families of children that show conflict in learning and adjusting; also consult on learning styles and behavior modification techniques. School psychologists are also responsible for reporting information to authorities when they come across cases of child endangerment, neglect, or abuse (O*Net, 2010). They are responsible for maintaining student records as it pertains to special education reports, confidential records, services provided, and behavioral information; use these records, observation, and conversations with parents and teachers to assess a child’s needs. School psychologists also collect and analyze data to ensure that academic programs, other services provided are effective. Furthermore, they try to promote understanding of child development with the relationship it has on learning and behavior (O*Net, 2010). In order to carry out these tasks, school psychologists must knowledgeable in psychology, therapy and counseling, English, education and training, sociology, mathematics, and computers and electronics. They must have skills in listening, reading, communication, writing, critical thinking, observing, complex problem solving, judgment and decision making, and social perceptiveness (O*Net, 2010). They must have the ability to orally (and read and write) comprehend and express information and ideas, speak clearly, reason deductively and inductively, be sensitive to problems, understand others speech, and see details up close (O*Net, 2010). Purposes of Conducting a Job Analysis for School Psychologists There are numerous reasons to conduct a job analysis. These include among others, career development, legal issues, performance appraisal, employee selection and training, vocational counseling, and research (Spector, 2008). However, this paper will only cover employee selection and vocational counseling as it pertains to school psychologists. As discussed in the previous section, someone applying for a school psychologist job should have knowledge in certain areas, as well as certain skills, abilities, and other attributes such as being perceptive. According to O*Net, many employers require a school psychologist to have either a master’s degree or Ph. D. in at least one of the areas mentioned in the previous section and at least five years’ experience (2010). Conducting a job analysis for a school psychologist can also help improve the work that they may do for children with learning disabilities in vocational counseling. School psychologists can help adolescents gain access to a college education by providing â€Å"high school evaluations that include transition planning goals† (Joyce amp; Rossen, 2006, para. 1). Furthermore, school psychologists can help these individuals prepare for college by teaching them self-advocacy skills and self-reliance. Performance Appraisal Methods Numerous methods may be used to assess an individual’s job performance. The two most common ways are though objective and subjective measures. According to Spector (2008), â€Å"objective measures are counts of various behaviors or of the results of job behaviors† and â€Å"subjective measures are ratings by people who should be knowledgeable about the person’s job performance† (p. 86). Objective measures have five components that measure job performance, which include absences, accidents, incidents at work, lateness, and productivity. These can be found in organization records, but may be collected at any time to appraise an employee (Spector, 2008). The subjective measures are more commonly used than objective measures to appraise employees. However, these are more prone to personal bias and human judgment mistakes. The accuracy of subjective measures can be increased with the use of rating forms, of which the graphic rating form is the most widely used. This type of rating form assesses numerous aspects of performance and focuses on traits such as quality and quantity of one’s performance (Spector, 2008). On the other hand, behavior-focused rating forms focus on past behaviors or expected behaviors. Pros and Cons of Appraisal Methods The use of objective and subjective measures both have advantages and limitations when used. Advantages of objective measures include results that are easily interpreted; makes it easy to compare different individuals who hold the same position; easily tied to goals of the organization and are easily found in records (Spector, 2008). There are also several limitations to using objective measures as an appraisal method. These include not being compatible with all types of jobs; information taken from the organization’s records may not be accurate or unreported incidents; only considers quantity instead of quantity and quality (Spector, 2008). Subjective measures also have advantages and disadvantages. Advantages of subjective measures include a more accurate picture of performance, which includes both quality and quantity. However, these can be unreliable as there can be leniency biases and the rater may not be able to accurately distinguish the different aspects of performance (Spector, 2008). Conclusion The successful relationship between an organization and an employee are reliant on job analysis and performance appraisals. The job analysis enables the organization to select individuals that will be most suited for the job and beneficial to the organization. Performance appraisals allow for the organization to judge the worth of any employee. In order to obtain and keep a valuable and effective organization both job analysis and performance appraisals are crucial.